Lompat ke konten Lompat ke sidebar Lompat ke footer
Beranda / Walt Disneys Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation

Walt Disneys Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation

Posting Komentar

Core group of animators for Walt Disney Productions in the mid-20th century

Disney's 9 Onetime Men. From left to right:
Dorsum row: Milt Kahl, Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, Eric Larson, and Ollie Johnston. Front end row: Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, and John Lounsbery.

Disney'southward 9 Sometime Men were Walt Disney Productions' core animators,[1] some of whom later became directors, who created some of Disney'southward most famous blithe cartoons, from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) onward to The Rescuers (1977), and were referred to as such by Walt Disney himself.[Note one] They worked in both short films and feature films. Disney delegated more and more tasks to them in the blitheness section in the early 1950s when their interests expanded and diversified their scope. Eric Larson was the terminal to retire from Disney, afterward his role as blitheness consultant on The Great Mouse Detective in 1986.[2] [3] All members of the grouping are at present deceased, and are acknowledged equally Disney Legends.

History [edit]

The ix were all hired by Disney in the 1920s and 1930s, working initially on Disney's shorter productions, and later on theatrical projects. All nine were present by the release of Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Co-ordinate to researcher Neal Gabler and animator Frank Thomas, a board was formed to study all possible problems affecting the company in relation to its work betwixt 1945 and 1947. One day in the early on 1950s, Disney named the nine members on the board "Nine Old Men".[iv] Disney delegated more and more tasks to them in the field of blitheness equally the work of the company diversified. Every bit well every bit being honored as Disney Legends in 1989, all of the Nine Erstwhile Men were separately honored with the Winsor McCay Honor (the lifetime accomplishment award for animators) during the 1970s and 1980s.

They began to retire one by one from the 1970s, with Eric Larson'south 1986 animation consultancy for The Great Mouse Detective being the group'due south last blitheness work at Disney. Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in particular continued on exterior of Disney for some time, and were credited on several films in the 1980s and 1990s, including The Chipmunk Adventure (1987), Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (1992) and The Fe Giant (1999). A documentary which interviewed the duo, entitled Frank and Ollie was released by Disney in 1995. They were honoured with a final voiced cameo in The Incredibles in 2004, which was produced by Disney simply blithe by a then-independant Pixar. Ollie Johnston, the concluding surviving fellow member of the group, died in 2008.

Members [edit]

  • Les Clark (November 17, 1907 – September 12, 1979), "The Mickey Mouse Chief", who joined Disney in 1927. Although Clark started his career at Disney working on the Alice comedies' shorts, his specialty was animative Mickey Mouse every bit he was the just one of the Nine Old Men to work on that graphic symbol from its origins with Ub Iwerks. Les did many scenes throughout the years, animating up until Lady and the Tramp. He moved into directing and fabricated many blithe featurettes and shorts, although since 1964 almost all the films in which Clark worked are brusk films.
  • Marc Davis (March 30, 1913 – January 12, 2000) started in 1935 on Snowfall White, and later on he went on to develop/animate the characters of Bambi and Thumper (in Bambi), Tinker Bong (in Peter Pan), Maleficent, Aurora and the raven (in Sleeping Beauty), and Cruella de Vil (in One Hundred and One Dalmatians). From 1961 Davis restricted his duties to his work at Disneyland. Davis was responsible for character design for both the Pirates of the Caribbean area and Haunted Mansion attractions at Disneyland.

  • Ollie Johnston (October 31, 1912 – April xiv, 2008), who joined Disney in 1935, first worked on Snow White. He went on to author the animator'southward bible The Illusion of Life with Frank Thomas. His work includes Mr. Smee (in Peter Pan), the Stepsisters (in Cinderella), the Commune Attorney (in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad), and Prince John (in Robin Hood). According to the volume The Disney Villain, written past Johnston and Frank Thomas, Johnston also partnered with Thomas on creating characters such equally Ichabod Crane (in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad) and Sir Hiss (in Robin Hood).
  • Milt Kahl (March 22, 1909 – April 19, 1987) started in 1934 working on Snow White. His piece of work included heroes such as Pinocchio (in Pinocchio), Tigger (in The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh), Peter Pan (in Peter Pan), and Slue-Foot Sue (in Melody Time) and villains such as Madam Mim (in The Sword in the Stone), Shere Khan (in The Jungle Book), Edgar the butler (in The Aristocats), the Sheriff of Nottingham (in Robin Hood), and Madame Medusa (in The Rescuers).
  • Ward Kimball (March iv, 1914 – July 8, 2002) joined Disney in 1934 and retired in 1973.[5] His piece of work includes Jiminy Cricket (in Pinocchio), Match, Jaq and Gus (in Cinderella), and the Mad Hatter and Cheshire True cat (in Alice in Wonderland). Specialized in drawing comic characters, his piece of work was often more "wild" than the other Disney animators and was unique. In 1968 he created and released a non-Disney anti-Vietnam War animated brusque, Escalation.
  • Eric Larson (September three, 1905 – Oct 25, 1988) joined in 1933. One of the acme animators at Disney, he animated notable characters such as Peg in Lady and the Tramp; the Vultures in The Jungle Book; Peter Pan's flight over London to Neverland (in Peter Pan); and Brer Rabbit, Brer Play a joke on, and Brer Bear (in Song of the S). Because of Larson'due south demeanor and ability to train new talent, Larson was given the task to spot and train new animators at Disney in the 1970s. Many of the meridian talents at Disney in later years were trained by Eric in the 1970s and 1980s.
  • John Lounsbery (March ix, 1911 – February thirteen, 1976) started in 1935 and, working under Norm "Fergy" Ferguson, quickly became a star animator. Lounsbery, affectionately known as "Louns" by his fellow animators, was an incredibly strong draftsman who inspired many animators over the years. His animation was noted for its squashy, stretchy feel. Lounsbery animated J. Worthington Foulfellow and Gideon in Pinocchio; Ben Ali Gator in Fantasia; George Darling in Peter Pan; Tony, Joe, and some of the dogs in Lady and the Tramp; Kings Stefan and Hubert in Sleeping Beauty; The Elephants in The Jungle Book; and many others. In the 1970s, Louns was promoted to Director and co-directed Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too and his concluding motion-picture show, The Rescuers.
  • Woolie Reitherman (June 26, 1909 – May 22, 1985) joined Disney in 1933 every bit an animator. In the late 1950s, Reitherman was promoted to director. He produced all the animated Disney films afterward Walt's death until his retirement. He also directed a sequence in Sleeping Beauty which featured Prince Phillip'south escape from Maleficent'due south castle and his eventual boxing confronting her every bit a terrible fire-animate dragon. Some of his piece of work includes Monstro (in Pinocchio), The Headless Horseman (in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad), the Crocodile (in Peter Pan), and the Rat (in Lady and the Tramp).
  • Frank Thomas (September 5, 1912 – September viii, 2004) joined Disney in 1934. He went on to author the animator'southward bible The Illusion of Life with Ollie Johnston. His piece of work included the wicked Stepmother (in Cinderella), the Queen of Hearts (in Alice in Wonderland), and Captain Hook (in Peter Pan). Frank also was responsible for the iconic spaghetti scene in Lady and the Tramp.

In 2012, Frank Thomas' son, Theodore Thomas, produced a documentary featuring the children of the animators remembering their fathers, Growing up with Nine Erstwhile Men (included in the Diamond edition of the Peter Pan DVD).[6]

Legacy [edit]

Books and influence [edit]

In 1981, after retiring, Johnston and Thomas published the book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, which sets out the 12 bones principles of animation and helps to preserve the animation techniques that the Disney company created.

Another important component of the 9 Onetime Men's legacy are the many animators in the contemporary blitheness industry who can straight or indirectly trace their grooming to someone who was either their apprentice at Disney Animation or their student at CalArts. For case, Wayne Unten, the supervising animator for Elsa in Disney's Frozen, has noted that he apprenticed with John Ripa, who in turn apprenticed with Glen Keane, who in turn apprenticed with Johnston.[7]

Basic principles of animation [edit]

As role of their work for Disney, the Nine Old Men refined the 12 bones principles of animation:

  1. Squash and stretch
  2. Anticipation
  3. Staging
  4. Straight Ahead Activeness and Pose to Pose
  5. Follow Through and Overlapping Action
  6. Slow In and Slow Out
  7. Arcs
  8. Secondary Action
  9. Timing
  10. Exaggeration
  11. Solid Drawing
  12. Appeal

Feature films [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ According to Frank Thomas, they formed a board that studied all the possible problems affecting the visitor in relation to its works, but the number of members varied regularly. I day, when Walt Disney learned that there were nine people on the lath at the time, he named the group "Nine Old Men". Walt Disney was jokingly referring to the then-famous 1936 bestselling book The Ix Old Men written past Robert South. Allen and Drew Pearson about the 9 justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, most of whom were over the age of lxx at the time; meanwhile, the Disney nine were all in their thirties. (In turn, the U.S. Supreme Court was targeted as dominated by very erstwhile men by the proposed Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, whose enactment was allegedly averted by the switch in time that saved nine.) Co-ordinate to investigator Neal Gabler, the lath was created between 1945 and 1947 as role of the reorganization that the study had to reduce company expenses.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Canemaker, John (2001). Walt Disney'southward 9 Old Men and the Art of Animation. New York, New York: Disney Editions. ISBN0-7868-6496-vi.
  2. ^ "Did You Know? Unravel eight Sneaky Facts from The Bang-up Mouse Detective - D23".
  3. ^ "Book Preview: 'Walt Disney'due south 9 Former Men: Masters of Animation' (Gallery)". x July 2018.
  4. ^ Gabler, Neal (2006), Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, A KNOPF due east BOOK
  5. ^ Lenburg, Jeff (2006), "Kimball, Ward Walrath", Who'south Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film and Tv's Accolade-Winning and Legendary Animators, Hal Leonard Corporation, ISBN978-1557836717
  6. ^ Mouse Steps - Ted Thomas Interview About "Growing Up with 9 Old Men" Bonus Pic On Peter Pan Diamond Edition
  7. ^ Reyes, Robert (16 October 2013). "CSUF alum turned Disney blitheness artist sneak peaks [sic] latest movie". The Daily Titan. CSU Fullerton. Retrieved ii May 2015.

Further reading [edit]

  • Canemaker, John (2001). Walt Disney's Nine Former Men and the Fine art of Blitheness. New York, New York: Disney Editions. ISBN 0-7868-6496-6.
  • Deja, Andreas (2015). The Nine Old Men: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Dandy Animators. CRC Press. ISBN 1-1350-1585-half dozen.
  • Larson, Eric et al. (2014). 50 Years in the Mouse Business firm: The Lost Memoir of One of Disney'southward Nine Old Men. Theme Park Press. ISBN 1-9415-0047-one.
  • Stonemason, Fergus (2014). Disney's Ix Old Men: A History of the Animators Who Divers Disney Animation. BookCaps Written report Guides. ISBN 1-6291-7259-vi.
  • Peri, Don (2008). Working with Walt: Interviews with Disney Artists. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-9341-1067-1.

hedrickimbly1980.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%27s_Nine_Old_Men

Posting Komentar untuk "Walt Disneys Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation"